“Falling at the First Hurdle” : Phenomenological Analysis of Students Suicide in Indonesia from the Perspective of Developmental Psychopathology and Its Implications for School Counseling

Authors

  • Afina Mutmainnah University of Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Donny Hendrawan Psychology Science Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-5001

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i2.10822

Keywords:

Students Suicide, Behavior Disorder, Internalizing Problem, Developmental Psychopathology.

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of student suicide in Indonesia in 2023 from the perspective of developmental psychopathology and suggest its implications for school counseling. This qualitative research employed a phenomenology approach. The data sources were secondary, obtained from suicide news articles on national and regional online news sites, and analyzed using reflexive thematic technique. The research results indicated 15 cases with 5 themes depicting the phenomenon of student suicide, including 1) accessible places and methods, 2) leaving messages or signs, 3) the severity of family conditions, 4) internalizing many things, and 5) dangerous peer influences. The concept of equifinality could be illustrated from the analyzed phenomena. The internalizing problems experienced by the victims may stem from the relationship patterns between parents and students and/or students and peers, which appear to dominantly underlie these cases. The research findings recommend implications for strengthening holistic counseling programs involving various members in the school environment.

Author Biographies

Afina Mutmainnah, University of Indonesia

Faculty of Psychology

Donny Hendrawan, Psychology Science Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Faculty of Psychology

References

Abdillah, M. H., Tentama, F., & Suwandi, G. F. (2020). Bullying On Students in Indonesia.

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(02), 3697–3703. core.ac.uk

Ainunnida, K. A., & Hartini, N. (2018). Hubungan antara kesepian dengan ide bunuh diri yang dimoderasi oleh depresi pada remaja dengan orang tua bercerai. Berajah Journal, 2(3), 647–660. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47353/bj.v2i3.142

APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth). American Psychiatric Association.

Armandika, M.F. (2023, November 1). Pilu! begini isi surat santri yang gantung diri di ponpes sidrap. Jawa Pos. https://www.jawapos.com/berita-sekitar-anda/013208480/pilu-begini-isi-surat-santri-yang-gantung-diri-di-ponpes-sidrap

Astungkoro, R. (2023, November 6). KPAI: Ada 17 Kasus Anak Bunuh Diri Selama 2023. Republika. https://news.republika.co.id/berita/s3p9hl330/kpai-ada-17-kasus-anak-bunuh-diri-selama-2023

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Centifanti, L., & Williams, D. M. (Eds). (2017). The Wiley Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. In The Wiley Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118554470

Colpin, H., Bauman, S., Menesini, E., & Colpin, H. (2021). Teachers ’ responses to bullying : Unravelling their consequences and antecedents . Introduction to the special issue Teachers ’ responses to bullying : Unravelling their special issue. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(6), 781–797. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1954903

Cross, D., Runions, K. C., & Pearce, N. (2021). Friendly schools ’ bullying prevention research : Implications for school counsellors. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 31, 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2021.19

Friastuti, R. & Devin, J. (2023, September 28). Siswi SD sempat izin ke toilet sebelum lompat dari lantai 4 sekolah di Jaksel. Kumparan News. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/siswi-sd-sempat-izin-ke-toilet-sebelum-lompat-dari-lantai-4-sekolah-di-jaksel-21H8Vgnfa18/full

Fotti, S. A., Katz, L. Y., Afifi, T. O., & Cox, B. J. (2006). The associations between peer and parental relationships and suicidal behaviours in early adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(11), 698–703. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370605101106

Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013). Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Pers Individ Dif., 55(4), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019.

Juanda. (2016). Linguistik Forensik Surat Wasiat Pelajar Yang Bunuh Diri. Seminar Tahunan Linguistik (SETALI), 336–343. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/21345/

Krista, P. (2023, November 1). Siswa SMA bunuh diri di jembatan sempat bikin status 'Jumping Off the Bridge'. Detik Bali. https://www.detik.com/bali/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-7013629/siswa-sma-bunuh-diri-di-jembatan-sempat-bikin-status-jumping-off-the-bridge

Kumparan. (2023, September 28). Duduk perkara tewasnya siswi SD usai lompat dari lantai 4 sekolah. Kumparan News. https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/duduk-perkara-tewasnya-siswi-sd-usai-lompat-dari-lantai-4-sekolah-21GmA2nAESu/full

Kwan, C., Wong, C., Chen, Z., & Yip, P. S. F. (2022). Youth Bullying and Suicide : Risk and Protective Factor Profiles for Bullies , Victims , Bully-Victims and the Uninvolved. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2828). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052828

Lantiva, M.C. (2023, Februari 16). Sebulan, dua pelajar bundir di Turi. Radar Jogja. https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/jogja/65764102/sebulan-dua-pelajar-bundir-di-turi

Lee, S., Dwyer, J., Paul, E., Clarke, D., Treleaven, S., & Roseby, R. (2019). Differences by age and sex in adolescent suicide. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 43(3), 248–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12877

Lewis, K. (2018). The Treacherous Path : Developmental Psychopathology and the Evolution of Risk for Suicide. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 71(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2017.1415070

Lewis, M., & Rudolph, K. D. (Eds). (2014). Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. Springer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410613189-11

Lindsey, M. A., Sheftall, A. H., Xiao, Y., & Joe, S. (2019). Trends of suicidal behaviors among high school students in the United States: 1991-2017. Pediatrics, 144(5), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1187.

Lindström, M., & Rosvall, M. (2015). Parental separation in childhood, social capital, and suicide thoughts and suicide attempts: A population-based study. Psychiatry Research, 229(1–2), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.034

Muhammad, N. (2023, Oktober 18). Ada 971 Kasus Bunuh Diri sampai Oktober 2023, Terbanyak di Jawa Tengah. Kata Data. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/10/18/ada-971-kasus-bunuh-diri-sampai-oktober-2023-terbanyak-di-jawa-tengah

Neal, J. W., & Veenstra, R. (2021). Network selection and influence effects on children ’ s and adolescents ’ internalizing behaviors and peer victimization : A systematic review. Developmental Review, 59(December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2020.100944

Nielassoff, E., Le Floch, M., Avril, C., Gohier, B., Duverger, P., & Riquin, E. (2023). Protective factors of suicidal behaviors in children and adolescents/young adults: A literature review. Archives de Pediatrie, 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2023.07.006

Onie, S. et al. (2023). (under review). Indonesian National Suicide Prevention Strategy 2022: A Preliminary Report. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xhqgm

Pusiknas Polri. (2023). Lebih dari 60 jiwa melayang karena bunuh diri. Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/lebih_60_jiwa_melayang_karena_bunuh_diri_sejak_2022

Piqueras, J. A., Soto-sanz, V., Rodriguez-Marin, J., & Garcia-Oliva, C. (2019). What is the Role of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescent Suicide Behaviors ? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(2511), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142511

Puspa, A. (2023, November 11). Kasus Bunuh Diri pada Anak Meningkat Lima Tahun Terakhir. Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/628958/kasus-bunuh-diri-pada-anak-meningkat-lima-tahun-terakhir

Rakisa. (2023, November 7). Berat jalani hidup usai ibu meninggal, siswa SMP di Kabupaten Cirebon bunuh diri. Suara Cirebon. https://suaracirebon.com/2023/11/07/berat-jalani-hidup-usai-ibu-meninggal-siswa-smp-di-kabupaten-cirebon-bunuh-diri/

Redaksi FP. (2023, Oktober 17). Remaja 16 tahun ditemukan tewas gantung diri dalam rumah. Fajar Papua. https://fajarpapua.com/2023/10/18/remaja-16-tahun-ditemukan-tewas-gantung-diri-dalam-rumah/

Rinanda, H.M. (2023, Maret 3). 7 fakta menyayat hati anak SD di Banyuwangi gantung diri usai dibully teman. Detik Jatim. https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-6598189/7-fakta-menyayat-hati-anak-sd-di-banyuwangi-gantung-diri-usai-dibully-teman

Steele, I. H., Thrower, N., Noroian, P., & Saleh, F. M. (2017). Understanding Suicide Across the Lifespan : A United States Perspective of Suicide Risk Factors , Assessment & Management. J Forensic Sci. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13519

Thornberg, R. (2018). School bullying and fitting into the peer landscape : a grounded theory field study grounded theory field study. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 39(1), 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2017.1330680

Waluyo, H. (2023, September 19). Pelajar SMK di Pekalongan akhiri hidup gara-gara cintanya ditolak. Radar Pekalongan. https://radarpekalongan.disway.id/read/34811/pelajar-smk-di-pekalongan-akhiri-hidup-gara-gara-cintanya-ditolak

WHO. (2019). Suicide. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide

Wilcox, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Lichtenstein, P., Långström, N., Brent, D. A., & Runeson, B. (2010). Psychiatric Morbidity, Violent Crime, and Suicide Among Children and Adolescents Exposed to Parental Death. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.020

World Population Review. (2023). Suicide rate by country 2023. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/suicide-rate-by-country

Downloads

Published

2024-06-22

How to Cite

Mutmainnah, A., & Hendrawan, D. (2024). “Falling at the First Hurdle” : Phenomenological Analysis of Students Suicide in Indonesia from the Perspective of Developmental Psychopathology and Its Implications for School Counseling. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i2.10822

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): June

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with JK agree to the following terms:
  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
JK use a variety of waivers and licenses, that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:
Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.