Enhancing The 6Cs as 21st Century Skills Among Higher Education Students Through An Entrepreneurial Project Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i4.13117Keywords:
21st Century Skills, 6C, Project-Based Learning, Entrepreneurial Learning.Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of enhancing 21st-century skills, specifically the 6Cs (critical thinking, collaboration, communication, creativity, citizenship, and character), through project-based entrepreneurship learning. The research utilized a quantitative approach by surveying with questionnaires on two different class groups. The sample in this study consists of undergraduate students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, selected through a random sampling technique comprising 104 students. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27 software, including the stages of classical assumption testing and an Independent Sample T-Test. The results indicate that the implementation of project-based entrepreneurship learning has a significant impact on enhancing 6C skills among students. Statistical tests indicate a significant difference between the group participating in entrepreneurship PjBL and the group that did not, with the average 6C skills being higher in the PjBL group. The integration of project-based entrepreneurship learning into the higher education curriculum is recommended to further develop 6C skills among students.
References
Abaci, N. I. (2022). Relationship between entrepreneurship perception and communication skill: A structural equation model. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100725.
Afifah, A. N., Ilmiyati, N., & Toto, T. (2020). Pengaruh Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) Dengan Pendekatan Stem Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. J-KIP (Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan), 1(2).
Allison, J. M. (2018). Project based learning to promote 21st century skills: An action research study. (Doctor of Education), The College of William and Mary in Virginia, William & Mary. (1530192564)
Anekwe, J. U. (2020). Teaching and Learning of 21st Century Learners in Anambra State Secondary Schools: Exploring teacher’s preparation and learning environment. Paper presented at the Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on New Trends in Teaching and Education.
Arief, F. (2020). Implementasi Keterampilan Kewirausahaan Sebagai Media Character Building pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Bina Ilmu Cendekia, 1(1), 13-23.
Arrasyid, A. K., Herpratiwi, H., & Yulianti, D. (2022). Instilling Positive Character Values through Project-Based Learning for Private Elementary School Students in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 12(3), 1408-1422.
Baran, M., Baran, M., Karakoyun, F., & Maskan, A. (2021). The influence of project-based STEM (PjbL-STEM) applications on the development of 21st century skills. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 18(4), 798-815.
Chu, S. K. W., Reynolds, R. B., Tavares, N. J., Notari, M., & Lee, C. W. Y. (2021). 21st century skills development through inquiry-based learning from theory to practice: Springer.
Erdisna, E., Ganefri, G., Ridwan, R., & Efendi, R. (2020). Developing of Entrepreneur Digitals Learning Model in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 to Improve 21st Century skills. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 9(3), 143-151.
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. =Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Harrison, D. F. (2017). The role of higher education in the changing world of work. Educause Review, 52(6), 8-9.
Huang, R., & Jiang, L. (2021). Authentic assessment in Chinese secondary English classrooms: teachers’ perception and practice. Educational Studies, 47(6), 633-646.
Jang, K., Lee, J.-H., & Kim, J.-S. (2021). Association between interpersonal relationships and 4C (communication, critical thinking, collaborative self-efficacy, and creative problem-solving) core competencies of dental hygiene students. Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene, 21(2), 109-118.
Kennedy, T. J., & Sundberg, C. W. (2020). 21st century skills. Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory, 479-496.
Kim, S., Raza, M., & Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99-117.
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development: FT press.
Korkmaz, G., & Kalaycı, N. (2019). Theoretical foundations of project based curricula in higher education. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 48(1), 236-274.
Lantu, D. C., Suharto, Y., Fachira, I., Permatasari, A., & Anggadwita, G. (2022). Experiential learning model: improving entrepreneurial values through internship program at start-ups. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(1), 107-125.
Malik, R. S. (2018). Educational challenges in 21st century and sustainable development. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research, 2(1), 9-20.
Mayombe, C. (2023). Promoting youths' skills acquisition through experiential learning theory in vocational education and training in South Africa. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning.
McCallum, E., Weicht, R., McMullan, L., & Price, A. (2018). EntreComp into action-Get inspired, make it happen: A user guide to the European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, .
Megawati, A. Y. I., Lukito, A., & Rachmasari, D. H. (2023). Integrasi project based learning dengan stem pada pembelajaran fisika sebagai pendekatan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan abad 21. Humantech: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(5), 894-904.
Mezhoudi, N., Alghamdi, R., Aljunaid, R., Krichna, G., & Düştegör, D. (2023). Employability prediction: a survey of current approaches, research challenges and applications. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14(3), 1489-1505.
Miller, B. S. (2015). The 6 C’s Squared Version of Education in the 21st Century. Accretive Media.
Mitchell, J. E., & Rogers, L. (2020). Staff perceptions of implementing project-based learning in engineering education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 45(3), 349-362.
Mittal, P., & Raghuvaran, S. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and employability skills: the mediating role of e-learning courses. Entrepreneurship Education, 4(2), 153-167.
Montessori, V., Murwaningsih, T., & Susilowati, T. (2023). Implementasi keterampilan abad 21 (6c) dalam pembelajaran daring pada mata kuliah Simulasi Bisnis. JIKAP (Jurnal Informasi Dan Komunikasi Administrasi Perkantoran), 7(1), 65-72.
Muhammad, S. (2023). Critical thinking as a necessity for social science students capacity development: How it can be strengthened through project based learning at university. Paper presented at the Frontiers in Education.
Paľová, D., VejaÄka, M., & KakalejÄÃk, L. (2020). Project-based learning as a tool of enhancing of entrepreneurial attitude of students. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5(1), 346-354.
Putter, M., & Costandius, E. (2023). Investigating critical citizenship education within primary school art curriculum. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 13(1), 11.
Rahmawati, D., & Rahmawati, F. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) Berbantuan Multimedia Padlet Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK. EDUKATIF: JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 6(3), 2429-2441.
Rodrigues, A. L. (2023). Entrepreneurship Education Pedagogical Approaches in Higher Education. Education Sciences, 13(9), 940.
Rodriguez, S., & Lieber, H. (2020). Relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial mindset, and career readiness in secondary students. Journal of Experiential Education, 43(3), 277-298.
Sarwono, J. (2015). Membuat Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi dengan Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM). Yogyakarta: ANDI.
Setiyowati, A., Apriyani, D. C. N., & Qudsiyah, K. (2023). Pengembangan Desain Bahan Ajar Bermuatan 6C pada Materi Trigonometri Kelas X SMKN 2 Pacitan. JURNAL EDUMATIC, 4(2), 44-53.
Shabrina, A., & Astuti, U. P. (2022). The Integration of 6Cs of the 21st Century Education into English Skills: Teachers’ Challenges and Solutions. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 7(1), 28-37.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alphabeta.
Suksong, S., Chomsuwan, K., & Suamuang, W. (2023). Work in Progress: Application of CDIO and Experiential Learning Theory for Developing the Problem Solving Ability of Technicians in Manufacturing. Paper presented at the 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON).
Sullivan, S. C., & Downey, J. A. (2015). Shifting educational paradigms: From traditional to competency-based education for diverse learners. American Secondary Education, 4-19.
Trongtorsak, S., Saraubon, K., & Nilsook, P. (2021). Collaborative Experiential Learning Process for Enhancing Digital Entrepreneurship. Higher education studies, 11(1), 137-147.
UNESCO. (2023). Transforming lives through education. from UNESCO
Urquidi-MartÃn, A. C., Tamarit-Aznar, C., & Sánchez-GarcÃa, J. (2019). Determinants of the effectiveness of using renewable resource management-based simulations in the development of critical thinking: An application of the experiential learning theory. Sustainability, 11(19), 5469.
Vikri Iqbal, M. (2024). Pengaruh Keterampilan 4-C terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Bubut. Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
Waite, A. M., & McDonald, K. S. (2019). Exploring challenges and solutions facing STEM careers in the 21st century: A human resource development perspective. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 21(1), 3-15.
Wala, T., & Salmen, C. (2021). Entrepreneurship Education and Innovation Transfer Through Student Practice Projects. Paper presented at the International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning.
Yang, J., Schneller, C., & Roche, S. (2015). The role of higher education in promoting lifelong learning (9282011941). Retrieved from Hamburg, Germany:
Zhao, Y., & Wang, L. (2022). A case study of student development across project-based learning units in middle school chemistry. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 4(1), 1-20.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with JK agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
-
Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.