Students' 21st-Century Economic Competencies in The Digital Age : Exploring The Interplay Between Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and Learning Engagement

Authors

  • Amsje Norma Winokan Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia
  • I Kadek Satria Arsana Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia
  • Joubert Mandri Dame Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia
  • Herman Philips Dolonseda Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i3.16875

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Students' 21st-Century Competencies, Learning Engagement, Learning Technology

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) on high school students' 21st century economic competencies with learning engagement as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design, the study involved 358 public high school students in Bitung City selected through proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS 4. Results showed that AI (β = 0.364, p < 0.001) and AR (β = 0.498, p < 0.001) significantly influenced learning engagement, which in turn influenced 21st century economic competence (β = 0.654, p < 0.001). Learning engagement partially mediated the AI-competence (β = 0.238) and AR-competence (β = 0.326) relationships. The model explained 51.5% of learning engagement variance and 42.8% of 21st century economic competence variance. The findings resulted in a dual-technology competency development framework that integrates dual technology capabilities through direct and mediated pathways. Research implications emphasize the importance of differentiated learning technology implementation and teacher training that is responsive to the needs of AI-AR integration. The synergistic integration of AI and AR is proven to be a transformative catalyst in shaping students' competencies in the digital era.

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Published

2025-09-14

How to Cite

Winokan, A. N., Arsana, I. K. S., Dame, J. M., & Dolonseda, H. P. (2025). Students’ 21st-Century Economic Competencies in The Digital Age : Exploring The Interplay Between Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and Learning Engagement. Jurnal Kependidikan, 11(3), 992–1004. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i3.16875

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Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): September

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