STEM-Based E-Module Integrated with Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): An Innovative Learning Material for Science Learning in Secondary School
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i3.17292Keywords:
E-Module , Learning Material Innovation, Science Learning, STEM, Virtual SEMAbstract
This study aims to develop a STEM-based e-module integrated with a Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as an innovative solution in science learning. This study used the research and development method with the ADDIE model, which consists of five main stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study involved seventh-grade students in secondary school as the research subjects. The developed e-module was evaluated for validity in content, language, and presentation, and tested for practicality through readability responses and effectiveness using a quasi-experimental design. The results indicated that the developed e-module had high validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Expert validation rated the e-module as feasible, with the material component scoring 82.67, the language aspect rated at 88, and the presentation dimension reaching 87.3. The readability test demonstrated its practicality, showing that the e-module is user-friendly, engaging, and interactive, with the majority rating it as "very practical". Furthermore, its implementation in learning was proven to enhance students' achievement, as reflected by N-Gain scores ranging from medium to high, along with a large effect size, with an average value of 0.75 in the "high" category. Therefore, this developed e-module can be considered a relevant instructional innovation to support 21st-century science learning.
References
Abdelmoneim, R., Hassounah, E., & Radwan, E. (2022). Effectiveness of virtual laboratories on developing expert thinking and decision-making skills among female school students in Palestine. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 18(12), em2199. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12708
Ambusaidi, A., Al Musawi, A., Al Balushi, S., & Al Balushi, K. (2017). Journal of Turkish Science Education/2014, 11(1),3-23. 15(2), 13–29.
Andani, S. R., Sari, S. Y., Akmam, A., & Sundari, P. D. (2023). The Urgency of Interactive Learning Media in Improving Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 8(4), 2415–2419. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v8i4.1814
Asare, S., Amoako, S. K., Biilah, D. K., & Apraku, T. B. (2023). THE USE OF VIRTUAL LABS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL LABS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS.
Asrizal. (2025). STEM Integrated e-Teaching Material to Promote Students’ Conceptual Understanding and New Literacy Skills. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(4), 803–811. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.4.2286
Astawan, I. G., Suarjana, I. M., Werang, B. R., Asaloei, S. I., Sianturi, M., & Elele, E. C. (2023). STEM-Based Scientific Learning and Its Impact on Students’ Critical and Creative Thinking Skills: An Empirical Study. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(3), 482–492. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i3.46882
Balalle, H. (2024). Exploring student engagement in technology-based education in relation to gamification, online/distance learning, and other factors: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.100870
Chukwuemeka, E. J., & Garba, M. (2024). Technology as a catalyst for learning and unlearning: A tool for navigating education in a dynamic society. European Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Education, 5(2), e02404. https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/15640
Dewi, M. R., & Arifin, Z. (2024). Analysis of 21st Century Skills in the Implementation of Project Based Learning in Biology Learning Merdeka Curriculum. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(4), 2118–2128. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i4.5941
Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Atas. (2017). Panduan Penilaian oleh Pendidik dan Satuan Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas. KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN.
Dodevska, M., Zdravevski, E., Chorbev, I., Kostoska, M., Branco, F., Coelho, P. J., Pires, I. M., & Lameski, P. (2025). Virtual reality as a learning tool: Evaluating the use and effectiveness of simulation laboratories in educational settings. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101742
Fajrina, S., Lufri, L., & Ahda, Y. (2020). Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as A Learning Approach to Improve 21st Century Skills: A Review. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 16(07), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i07.14101
Flowers, L. O. (2024). Virtual Laboratories in STEM. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 12(2), 1573–1576. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1271
Hamed, G., & Aljanazrah, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Using Virtual Experiments on Students’ Learning in the General Physics Lab. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19, 977–996. https://doi.org/10.28945/4668
Hanif, S., Wijaya, A. F. C., & Winarno, N. (2019). Enhancing Students’ Creativity through STEM Project-Based Learning. Journal of Science Learning, 2(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v2i2.13271
Haryanti, Y. D. H., I Gusti Agung Ayu Wulandari, Ni Ketut Desia Tristiantari, Ani Rosidah, Devi Afriyuni Yonanda, & Minnatul Maula. (2025). Enhancing Project-Based Learning through Digital E-Modules in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 9(2), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v9i2.93786
Hendri, M., Rasmi, D. P., & Ananda, W. (2021). Analysis of the Needs of Developing Teaching Materials in the Form of STEM-Based Web Modules Using Scaffolding. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 7(SpecialIssue), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7iSpecialIssue.1019
Herlinawati, H., Marwa, M., Ismail, N., Junaidi, Liza, L. O., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2024). The integration of 21st century skills in the curriculum of education. Heliyon, 10(15), e35148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35148
Herráez, A. (2022). Virtual laboratories as a tool to support learning. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 47(2), 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2019-0146
Irdawati, I., Chatri, M., Wulansari, Kurnia, Razak, A., & Fajrina, S. (2023). Development of STEM-Based Biology E-Module to Improve Student Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(8), 6694–6700. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.4737
Kashaka, N. D. (2024). Virtual Laboratories in Science Education: Benefits and Challenges.
Khalid, I. L., Abdullah, M. N. S., & Mohd Fadzil, H. (2024). A Systematic Review: Digital Learning in STEM Education. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 51(1), 98–115. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.51.1.98115
Kholistiyawatin, N., Maksum, H., Waskito, & Purwanto, W. (2023). Development of E-Module Based on Discovery Learning to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes in PKKR Subject for Grade XI TKRO at State Vocational High School 1 Merbau. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(12), 12032–12041. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.5690
Marzuki, O. F., Lih, E. T. Y., Zainol @ Abdullah, W. N. Z., Khairuddin, N., Inai, N. H., Md Saad, J. B., & Abdul Aziz, M. H. (2024). Innovating Education: A Comprehensive Review of STEM Education Approaches. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(1), Pages 614-631. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i1/20490
Mduwile, P., & Goswami, D. (2024). Enhancing Student Engagement: Effective Strategies for Active Learning in the classroom in Secondary schools. 2(5).
Minarti, I. B., Dzakiy, M. A., & Nilautama, D. (2023). The Effect of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Based Learning Approach on Critical Thinking Skills and Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Class X SMA Negeri 1. At-Tasyrih: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Hukum Islam, 8(2), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.55849/attasyrih.v8i2.151
Nababan, N. (2020). PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GEOGEBRA DENGAN MODEL PENGEMBANGAN ADDIE DI KELAS XI SMAN 3 MEDAN. 6(1).
Nilyani, K., Asrizal, A., & Usmeldi, U. (2023). Effect of STEM Integrated Science Learning on Scientific Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills of Students: A Meta-Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(6), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i6.2614
Noris, M., Saputro, S., & Muzazzinah, M. (2022). The Virtual Laboratory Based on Problem Based Learning to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills. European Journal of Mathematics and Science Education, volume–3–2022(volume–3–issue–1–june–2022), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmse.3.1.35
Nugraha, M. G., Kidman, G., & Tan, H. (2024). Interdisciplinary STEM education foundational concepts: Implementation for knowledge creation. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(10), em2523. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/15471
Postrado, F., & Aliazas, J. V. (2024). DESIGNING ENRICHMENT PROGRAM IN SCIENCE UTILIZING BLENDED LEARNING MODELS. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4888999
Pratiwi, I. A., Lutfiyah, T., & Fardani, M. A. (2025). Integrating The Local Wisdom of Bulusan Kudus Into A P5 E-Module: A Feasibility and Practicality Study for Elementary School Students. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 11(2), 621. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i2.15256
Pratiwi, W. O., Pramudiyanti, P., & Perdana, R. (2024). STEM-Based Science E-Module: Is It Effective to Improve Students’ Creative Thinking Skills? Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 8(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v8i1.9042
Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan. (2014). Instrumen dan Rubrik B1 Penilaian Buku Pengayaan Pengetahuan. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Santos, L. F. (2017). The Role of Critical Thinking in Science Education.
Sapriati, A., Suhandoko, A. D. J., Yundayani, A., Karim, R. A., Kusmawan, U., Mohd Adnan, A. H., & Suhandoko, A. A. (2023). The Effect of Virtual Laboratories on Improving Students’ SRL: An Umbrella Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 13(3), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030222
Schmidt, D. A., Alboloushi, B., Thomas, A., & Magalhaes, R. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence in higher education: Perceptions, challenges, and strategies for academic innovation. Computers and Education Open, 9, 100274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100274
Senarpi, I. (2023). The Role of Classroom Discussions in Enhancing Critical Thinking Among the Students. 44(5).
Sirajudin, N., Suratno, J., & Pamuti. (2021). Developing creativity through STEM education. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1806(1), 012211. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012211
Sriadhi, S., Sitompul, H., Restu, R., Khaerudin, S., & Wan Yahaya, W. A. J. (2022). Virtual‐laboratory based learning to improve students’ basic engineering competencies based on their spatial abilities. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 30(6), 1857–1871. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22560
Susetyo, B. B., Caesario, D., Hanoselina, Y., Edial, H., Tyas, I. L. M., Hidayatillah, A. S., Putra, A. K., & Sayma, S. A. (2025). Development of STEM-based virtual microscope module in fundamental geology course. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, Dan Praktek Dalam Bidang Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Geografi, 30(2), 178–189. https://doi.org/10.17977/2527-628X.1200
Susilawati, S., Yaqin, M. Z. N., Chakim, A., Putri, C. A., & Pepridel, N. I. Y. (2024). Teacher Innovation in Elementary School Education: Improving the Quality of Learning in the Digital Era. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Education (ICIED), 9(1), 320. https://doi.org/10.18860/icied.v9i1.3160
Tan, L. S., Ponnusamy, L. D., Lee, S. S., Koh, E., Koh, L., Tan, J. Y., Tan, K. C. K., & Chia, T. T. S. A. (2020). Intricacies of designing and implementing enrichment programs for high-ability students. Gifted Education International, 36(2), 130–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261429420917469
Tarigan, W. P. L., Sipahutar, H., & Harahap, F. (2021). The Effect of Interactive Digital Learning Module on Student’s Learning Activity and Autonomy. Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 14(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v14i2.49366
Tartiyoso, S. (2025). Development of STEM-Based E-Module to Enhance Science Literacy and Science Process Skills in Chemistry Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(4), 1124–1132. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i4.10844
Thobroni, M., Zulaeha, I., Mardikantoro, H. B., & Yuniawan, T. (2022). Enrichement Books in Indonesia. 1018–1026.
Trisnaningsih, D. R., Parno, P., & Setiawan, A. M. (2021). The Development of Virtual Laboratory-based STEM Approach Equipped Feedback to Improve Critical Thinking Skills on Acid-Base Concept. 209.
Utomo, S. W. (2023). The Urgency of Collaboration and Innovation for Improving the Quality of Learning. In J. Handhika, M. Lukitasari, S. Ricahyono, & D. A. Nugraha (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education and Technology (ICETECH 2022) (Vol. 745, pp. 25–31). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-056-5_5
Yani, N. L. S., Rusdarti, & Oktarina, N. (2024). STEM-Based E-Modules to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking in Economic Learning. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 7(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v7i1.73518
Yaseen, H., Mohammad, A. S., Ashal, N., Abusaimeh, H., Ali, A., & Sharabati, A.-A. A. (2025). The Impact of Adaptive Learning Technologies, Personalized Feedback, and Interactive AI Tools on Student Engagement: The Moderating Role of Digital Literacy. Sustainability, 17(3), 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031133
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with JK agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
-
Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.